As the Pika’s do not hibernate through the winter they rely on dried out grass that has been collected throughout the year. In the family groups the Pika’s all help out in collecting food and keeping watch.
Most species of Pika live in family groups, the only exception to this is the North American Pika’s which tend to live alone and only come together in breeding season. This is believed to be because of the availability of food. The Pika’s habitat also seems to affect their birthing patterns with the Pika living in rocky mountainous areas giving birth to around 5 young per litter while the open plain dwelling Pika’s can give birth to litters in excess of 10. The preferred habitat of the Pika is that of rocky mountainsides however some species that choose to burrow instead of using natural cave formations for shelter are able to live out in the open. One thing the Pika does have in common with its rabbit relatives is that after feeding the Pika will excrete a soft, mossy, green feces that will ten be consumed again to obtain the maximum nutrition possible before laying something very similar to ‘rabbit dropping’. Their dental formation differs from most other species of rabbits and hares as they have no canine teeth and less premolars than other species. The Pika are herbivores can grow to around 20cm in length, feeding primarily from moss, grass and lichen. Typically the Pika can be recognized from its very short tail (usually less than 2cm in length), short limbs and large circular ears. The Pika’s belong to the same family as hares and rabbits and share same characteristics in common. Latausmäärä yhteensä: Ladataan.Collecting grass for the winter Collecting grass for the winter Olli Pekka Vapalahti / Principal InvestigatorĪnna-Maija Kristiina Virtala / Principal InvestigatorĭAPHNE - Developing Assessment Practices in Higher Education
Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in veterinarians in Finland : Older age, living in the countryside, tasting beef during cooking and not doing small animal practice associated with seropositivityĭepartments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine gondii.ģ142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health The results illustrate the numerous transmission routes of T. According to the final model, veterinarians who were at least 40 years old had 2.4 times higher odds to be seropositive than younger veterinarians veterinarians who lived in the countryside had 4.0 times higher odds to be seropositive than veterinarians who lived in towns female veterinarians who tasted beef during cooking had 2.6 times higher odds to be seropositive than male veterinarians who did not taste beef during cooking and veterinarians who did not do small animal practice had 2.3 times higher odds to be seropositive than those who did. Altogether, 43 (14.6% 95% confidence interval: 10.9-19.0) of the 294 veterinarians tested seropositive for T. The median age was 39 years, and the majority, 86%, were women.
Altogether, 294 veterinarians, almost 15% of the Finnish veterinary profession, were included in the study. The samples and questionnaire data were collected in 2009. We used a causal diagram approach to address the complexity of the life cycle of the parasite and its numerous possible transmission routes, and built a multivariable binomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors that are particularly relevant for veterinarians. gondii seropositivity from extensive questionnaire data with almost 1,300 quantitative variables. gondii with an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay, and evaluated potential risk factors for T. We screened sera of veterinarians authorized to work in Finland for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against T. Practising veterinary medicine has an inherent risk of exposure to zoonotic agents, including the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Siponen, A-M, Kinnunen, P M, Koort, J, Kallio-Kokko, H, Vapalahti, O, Virtala, A-M & Jokelainen, P 2019, ' Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in veterinarians in Finland : Older age, living in the countryside, tasting beef during cooking and not doing small animal practice associated with seropositivity ', Zoonoses and Public Health, vol.
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